Published : 2026-06-17

Financial security and profitability in the Polish banking sector (2015-2024)

Nikola Markiewicz



Abstract

The article analyzes the relationship between financial security, as determined by capital adequacy and financial liquidity ratios, and the profitability of the Polish banking sector in 2015–2024.
The selected period, due to its particular suitability for capturing shifts in the relationships between the analysed variables, made it possible to enhance the existing body of knowledge in this area and to better illustrate their evolution during a time of intense economic, regulatory and technological transformations. The study used annual data from supervisory and statistical institutions, such as the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, the National Bank of Poland, and the Central Statistical Office, and applied correlation analysis tools (Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient) and statistical significance tests (Student’s t-test). The results of the study did not confirm the hypothesis of a weak negative correlation between financial security and profitability. Instead, it was shown that higher capital quality and financial liquidity are positively and moderately correlated with selected aspects of profitability, particularly net interest margin (NIM) and cost efficiency (C/I). In addition, the results obtained highlighted the complexity of the relationship under study and indicated the need for further in-depth analysis, e.g., on a larger research sample (comparison with the EU or division into groups of banks, such as cooperative and commercial banks) or examine shorter periods (quarterly or monthly).

Keywords:

financial security, Polish banking sector, profitability, capital adequacy, financial liquidity, Pearson correlation, banking regulations



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Markiewicz, N. (2026). Financial security and profitability in the Polish banking sector (2015-2024). The WSB University in Poznan Graduate Research Journal, (ONLINE FIRST). https://doi.org/10.58683/dnswsb.2154

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Uniwersytet WSB Merito w Poznaniu
ul. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 5
61-895 Poznań
e-mail: journals@poznan.merito.pl
University
Uniwersytet WSB Merito w Poznaniu / WSB Merito University
ul. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 5
61-895 Poznań

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