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"Conditions for pre-schools accessibility in district cities of the Silesian Voivodeship in the shadow of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic"
Abstract
Ensuring the availability of nursery schools infrastructure for persons with small children aged 3-6 belongs to local government units, including urban communes. The paper sets out to settle pre-school facilities density classifications against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among 19 towns in the Silesian Voivodeship (called objects). The study covered two periods: 2019, immediately preceding the outbreak of the COVID-19 (initial phase) and 2022, i.e. the time when its negative influence slowed down (final phase). Within the framework of cluster analysis, the k-means method was used to calculate single squares of the Euclidean distance from their centroids in the matrix of potential exogenous variables, previously subjected to standardization. As the minimum value of the error function was reached and the principle of the so-called convergence met, the iteration of the matrix algorithm stopped, when reading off the assignments of objects to k classes. It was noted that the network of pre-schools (explained variable Y) in 2019-2022 is correlated with three explanatory variables (components of Xi): the number of pharmacies, the amount of libraries, as well as the number of accommodations per 1 km2. Significant differences were also found between the average values of pre-schools and factors such as the libraries and pharmacies density in the context of the 19 district cities over the time horizon given. From the perspective of fluctuations in the classification of pre-school education centers per 1 km2, the largest jump at the turn of 2022/2019 was recorded by Bytom (Δ+3), while Piekary Śląskie, Ruda Śląska and Tychy advanced by one place to the second cluster (Δ+1).
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